The word withal is an old-fashioned term that is not commonly used in modern English but still appears in literature historical texts and formal writing. Understanding its meaning usage and historical significance can help readers appreciate older works and improve their vocabulary.
This topic explains the definition of withal its different uses synonyms examples in sentences and how it compares to similar words.
Definition of Withal
What Does Withal Mean?
The word withal has two primary meanings:
- In addition; besides – Used to introduce an extra idea or detail.
- With it; with that – Used to refer to something mentioned earlier.
Origins of Withal
Withal originates from Middle English and was commonly used during the 14th to 17th centuries. It is a combination of “with” and “al” (an old variation of “all”). Although it is now considered archaic it can still be found in classic literature and poetry.
Examples of Withal in a Sentence
- He is strong and intelligent and withal he is kind. (Meaning: In addition he is kind.)
- She had little money withal to support her family. (Meaning: She had little money with which to support her family.)
- The knight fought bravely and withal defended his people. (Meaning: In addition he defended his people.)
Different Uses of Withal
1. Withal as “In Addition”
This usage is similar to “besides” or “moreover” and adds extra information to a statement.
Example:
- The king was powerful and withal he was feared by his enemies.
(Meaning: In addition he was feared.)
2. Withal as “With It” or “With That”
In this sense withal functions like “with it” or “using that.” This meaning is more common in older texts.
Example:
- She had a dagger and struck the enemy withal.
(Meaning: She struck the enemy with it.)
Synonyms and Antonyms of Withal
Synonyms (Similar Words)
- Moreover – Adding more information.
- Furthermore – Introducing an additional idea.
- Besides – Similar to “also” or “as well.”
- Therewith – Meaning “with that.”
- Herewith – Meaning “with this.”
Antonyms (Opposite Words)
- However – Showing contrast rather than addition.
- Instead – Offering an alternative.
- Nevertheless – Indicating opposition to what was previously mentioned.
The Use of Withal in Literature
1. Withal in Shakespearean Works
William Shakespeare frequently used withal in his plays and sonnets. It appears in famous works such as Hamlet and Othello.
Example from Hamlet (Act 1 Scene 3):
- “Be thou familiar but by no means vulgar;
Those friends thou hast and their adoption tried
Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel;
But do not dull thy palm withal entertainment
Of each new-hatched unfledged comrade.”
2. Withal in the Bible
The King James Bible published in 1611 contains several instances of withal particularly in religious and moral teachings.
Example from Ephesians 6:19:
- “And for me that utterance may be given unto me that I may open my mouth boldly to make known the mystery of the gospel withal praying also for us.”
Why Is Withal Rarely Used Today?
While withal was once a common word modern English has replaced it with simpler alternatives. Words like “besides” “moreover” and “with it” are preferred because they are easier to understand and use in everyday conversation.
However withal is still relevant in historical writing classical literature and legal documents where formal or poetic language is needed.
How to Use Withal in Modern Writing
1. In Formal or Poetic Writing
Writers who want to create an old-fashioned or elegant tone may use withal instead of “besides” or “with it.”
Example:
- The garden was peaceful filled with roses and tulips and withal a gentle breeze carried their fragrance.
2. In Historical or Fantasy Literature
Authors who write historical fiction or fantasy novels set in medieval times may use withal to enhance authenticity.
Example:
- The knight held his sword high ready to defend his honor and withal protect his kingdom.
3. In Academic or Religious Contexts
Scholars studying old texts religious scriptures or classical literature may encounter withal and need to understand its meaning in context.
Common Questions About Withal
1. Is withal still used in modern English?
It is rarely used today but it can still be found in literature formal writing and legal texts.
2. What is the difference between withal and moreover?
Both mean “in addition” but withal has an older more formal tone.
3. Can I use withal in everyday conversation?
Most people do not use withal in casual speech but it may be used for stylistic effect in writing.
4. Does withal mean “with it” or “besides”?
It can mean both depending on the context.
5. What are some words similar to withal?
Synonyms include besides moreover furthermore and therewith.
The word withal has a rich history in the English language. While it is no longer commonly used in everyday speech it remains an important word in classical literature religious texts and formal writing.
Understanding its meaning and usage can help readers appreciate historical works and expand their vocabulary. Whether used as “in addition” or “with it” withal adds a unique and elegant touch to the English language.
