Macaques are one of the most widely distributed primates in the world with several species found across South Asia. These intelligent and adaptable monkeys play a significant role in both the natural ecosystem and human culture. But what are the different names given to macaques in this region?
This topic explores the common species of macaques in South Asia their scientific names local names and the cultural significance of these primates.
Common Macaque Species in South Asia
There are several species of macaques native to India Sri Lanka Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan and Pakistan. The most commonly recognized ones include:
1. Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)
- Local Names:
- Hindi: Bandar
- Bengali: Kata bandar
- Tamil: Korangu
- Description:
- Light brown fur with a pinkish face.
- One of the most studied primates in science.
- Commonly found in cities temples and forests.
2. Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata)
- Local Names:
- Tamil: Alangu korangu
- Telugu: Konda kotha
- Description:
- Found mainly in southern India.
- Named for the tuft of hair on its head.
- Frequently seen near human settlements.
3. Assam Macaque (Macaca assamensis)
- Local Names:
- Assamese: Xoru Bandar
- Nepali: Banda
- Description:
- Found in the Himalayan foothills.
- Has thicker fur suited for colder climates.
- Less aggressive than rhesus macaques.
4. Arunachal Macaque (Macaca munzala)
- Local Names:
- Tibetan: Shingpa
- Local Arunachal dialects: Munzala
- Description:
- Discovered in 2005 in Arunachal Pradesh India.
- Lives in high-altitude forests.
- Distinctive dark brown fur.
5. Toque Macaque (Macaca sinica)
- Local Names:
- Sinhala: Rilawa
- Description:
- Endemic to Sri Lanka.
- Notable for its hairless reddish face.
- Highly social and found in urban areas.
Cultural and Religious Significance of Macaques
Macaques in Hinduism
- The rhesus macaque is associated with Hanuman the monkey god.
- Temples dedicated to Hanuman often have monkeys freely roaming.
- In some regions people feed macaques as an act of devotion.
Macaques in Buddhism
- The toque macaque is featured in ancient Sri Lankan Buddhist stories.
- In some Buddhist traditions monkeys are seen as symbols of mischief and wisdom.
Macaques in Folklore
- In Indian and Nepalese folklore macaques are sometimes trickster figures.
- Stories of monkeys stealing food or outsmarting humans are common.
Human-Macaque Conflict in South Asia
Macaques are highly adaptable and often enter urban areas leading to conflicts with humans.
Common Issues
- Crop Damage – Macaques raid farms causing economic losses for farmers.
- Temple Troubles – Tourists often feed monkeys making them aggressive.
- Health Risks – Some macaques carry diseases transmissible to humans.
Solutions and Conservation Efforts
- Government programs promote ethical macaque management.
- Wildlife sanctuaries help preserve natural macaque populations.
- Public awareness campaigns discourage feeding wild monkeys.
The macaques of South Asia have many names across different languages and cultures. From the rhesus macaque in India to the toque macaque in Sri Lanka these primates are deeply connected to the region’s history and traditions. However as urbanization increases human-macaque conflicts need to be managed with conservation and ethical strategies to ensure a balanced coexistence.
